Bone Tuberculosis, Bone TB, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment

Whats is Bone TB:-

Tuberculosis is
an infectious disease caused by the bacteria known as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is now curable if detected in its early stage and treated well.

Generally, TB infects lungs but in cases, it can spread to other parts of the body. This is called extrapulmonary tuberculosis ( EPTB ).

Bone tuberculosis is that affects the spine, the long bones, and the joints. The bone TB generally affects the spinal column but it can infect any bone in the body of the patient. It generally affects joints like the hip and knee. It can also infect the ankle, elbow, wrist, and shoulder.

Pott's disease is the name given to the common form of spinal bone TB.

Causes of bone TB:-

TB generally spreads from person to person through the air. When the tuberculosis infection spreads from the lungs of a patient through the blood or lymph nodes to his bones, spine or joints.

The occurrence of bone TB across the globe is rare but in recent years the cases of bone TB has been on the rise in developing countries. This rise of tuberculosis is being attributed to the fast spread of AIDS.

The symptoms of the bone TB in its initial stage not much visible therefore diagnosis is difficult. If left untreated this can lead to severe problem.

Symptoms:-

In its initial phase bone, TB is painless so difficult to diagnose as its symptoms are not visible unless it has reached in an advanced stage. That is the reason when the disease is diagnosed it is already in its advanced stage.

Sometimes TB infection can remain dormant in the lungs for a long time and then it can travel to bones of the body without being realised by the patient that he had tuberculosis.

Symptoms in beginning: -

1. Swelling

2. Severe back pain

3. Stiffness

4. Abscesses

Symptoms in advanced stage: -

1. Paralysis

2. Bone deformities

3. Neurological complications

4. limb shortening in children

Treatment of bone tuberculosis or TB:-

The advancement in medical science has made it possible to treat bone tuberculosis and reverse the damages done to the body parts. In rare cases when the part of vertebrae has to be removed due to severe damage, the doctor has to perform spinal surgery.

In the beginning, after the diagnosis of tuberculosis, the patient is given medicine and the treatment can go for about 6- 18 months. It includes medication and in rare cases surgery.

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